Radiographic assessment of small lung nodules: what can we do and what information does it give us?

: The evaluation of small pulmonary nodules is a common and challenging clinical scenario often requiring multi-disciplinary approach to optimize patient care. Radiographic assessment an important part the determination whether nodule malignant or benign which then translates into intervention management strategy. A multimodality radiological longitudinal follow up may be needed based on combination imaging features at initial presentation. In this article, we illustrate role anatomical functional techniques [chest radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MRI), positron emission tomography/computed (PET/CT)] in characterization nodules, with emphasis chest CT, workhorse imaging. This discussion framed context how fits current international guidelines assessment, both Fleischner society British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines, including application risk prediction scores. Emerging applications radiomics, machine learning artificial intelligence (AI) these advanced future are also illustrated.